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separable partial differential equation : ウィキペディア英語版
separable partial differential equation
A separable partial differential equation (PDE) is one that can be broken into a set of separate equations of lower dimensionality (fewer independent variables) by a method of separation of variables. This generally relies upon the problem having some special form or symmetry. In this way, the PDE can be solved by solving a set of simpler PDEs, or even ordinary differential equations (ODEs) if the problem can be broken down into one-dimensional equations.
The most common form of separation of variables is simple separation of variables in which a solution is obtained by assuming a solution of the form given by a product of functions of each individual coordinate.There is a special form of separation of variables called R-separation of variables which is accomplished by writing the solution as a particular fixed function of the coordinates multiplied by a product of functions of each individual coordinate. Laplace's equation on ^n is an example of a partial differential equation which admits solutions through R-separation of variables; in the three-dimensional case this uses 6-sphere coordinates.
(This should not be confused with the case of a separable ODE, which refers to a somewhat different class of problems that can be broken into a pair of integrals; see separation of variables.)
== Example ==

For example, consider the time-independent Schrödinger equation
:(+ V(\mathbf) )\psi(\mathbf) = E\psi(\mathbf)
for the function \psi(\mathbf) (in dimensionless units, for simplicity). (Equivalently, consider the inhomogeneous Helmholtz equation.) If the function V(\mathbf) in three dimensions is of the form
:V(x_1,x_2,x_3) = V_1(x_1) + V_2(x_2) + V_3(x_3),
then it turns out that the problem can be separated into three one-dimensional ODEs for functions \psi_1(x_1), \psi_2(x_2), and \psi_3(x_3), and the final solution can be written as \psi(\mathbf) = \psi_1(x_1) \cdot \psi_2(x_2) \cdot \psi_3(x_3). (More generally, the separable cases of the Schrödinger equation were enumerated by Eisenhart in 1948.〔L. P. Eisenhart, "Enumeration of potentials for which one-particle Schrodinger equations are separable," ''Phys. Rev.'' 74, 87-89 (1948).〕)

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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